Fouling Factors

TYPICAL FOULING FACTORS
COOLING WATER	Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]
Conditions	Cooling water < 50ºC		Cooling water > 50ºC
	Cooled fluid< 120ºC		Cooled fluid > 120ºC
Water velocity	v < 1 m/s	v > 1 m/s	v < 1 m/s	v > 1 m/s

Type of water
Sea	0,00009	0,00009	0,00018	0,00018
Brackish	0,00035	0,00018	0,00053	0,00035
Cooling tower with inhibitor	0,00018	0,00018	0,00035	0,00035
Cooling tower without inhibitor	0,00053	0,00053	0,00088	0,00070
City grid	0,00018	0,00018	0,00035	0,00035
River minimum	0,00018	0,00018	0,00035	0,00035
River average	0,00053	0,00035	0,00070	0,00035
Engine jacket	0,00018	0,00018	0,00018	0,00018
Demineralized or distilled	0,00009	0,00009	0,00009	0,00009
Treated boiler feedwater	0,00018	0,00009	0,00018	0,00018
Boiler blowdown	0,00035	0,00035	0,00035	0,00035

SEVERAL FLUIDS	Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]
Group	Fluid		Fouling Factor
Oil	Gasoil		0,00009
	Transformer		0,00018
	Lubrication		0,00018
	Heat transfer oil		0,00018
	Hydraulic		0,00018

Gas and Vapour	Hydrogen		0,00176
	Engine exhaust		0,00176
	Steam		0,00009
	Steam with oiltraces		0,00018
	Cooling fluid vapours with oil traces		0,00035
	Organic solvent vapours		0,00018
	Compressed air		0,00035
	Natural gas		0,00018
	Stable top products		0,00018

Liquid	Cooling fluid		0,00018
	Organic heat transfer fluids		0,00018
	Salts		0,00009
	LPG, LNG		0,00018
	MEA and DEA(Amines) solutions		0,00035
	DEG and TEG(Glycols) solutions		0,00035
	Stable side products		0,00018
	Stable bottom products		0,00018
	Caustics		0,00035
	Vgetables oils		0,00053

REFINERY FLUIDS	Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]
Crude – wet (bearing salty water)	Temperature	0 – 95ºC	95 – 160ºC	160 – 260ºC	> 95 ºC
	Velocity
	< 0,6 m/s	0,00053	0,00088	0,00105	0,00123
	0,6 m/s – 1,2 m/s	0,00035	0,00070	0,00088	0,00106
	> 1,2 m/s	0,00035	0,00070	0,00070	0,00088

Crude – dry	Temperature	0 – 95ºC	95 – 160ºC	160 – 260ºC	> 95 ºC
	Velocity
	< 0,6 m/s	0,00053	0,00053	0,00070	0,00088
	0,6 m/s – 1,2 m/s	0,00035	0,00035	0,00053	0,00070
	> 1,2 m/s	0,00035	0,00035	0,00035	0,00053

Products	Gasoline		0,00018
	Naphtha and light distillates		0,00018
	Kerosene		0,00018
	Light gas oil		0,00035
	Heavy gas oil		0,00053
	Heavy fuel oil		0,00088
	Asphalt and residuum		0,00176

Cracking and coking units streams	Overhead vapors		0,00035
	Light cycle oil		0,00035
	Heavy cycle oil		0,00053
	Light coker gas oil		0,00053
	Heavy coker gas oil		0,00070
	Bottom slurry(> 1,5 m/s)		0,00053
	Bottom liquid products		0,00035

Catalytic reforming, hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization (HDS)	Reformer charge		0,00035
	Reformer effluent		0,00018
	Hydrocracher charge and effluent		0,00035
	Recycle gas		0,00018
	HDS charge and effluent		0,00035
	Overhead vapors		0,00018
	Liquid product > 50 API		0,00018
	Liquid product 30 to 50 API		0,00035

Light ends processing streams	Overhead vapors and gases		0,00018
	Liquid products		0,00018
	Absorption oils		0,00035
	Alkylation trace acid streams		0,00053
	Reboiler streams		0,00053
	Lube oil processing streams		0,00053
	Feed stock		0,00035
	Solvent feed mix		0,00035
	Solvent feed mix		0,00018
	Extract		0,00035
	Raffinate		0,00018
	Asphalt		0,00088
	Wax slurries		0,00053
	Redined lube oil		0,00018

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